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%% |boundedline.m|: line with shaded error/confidence bounds
% Author: Kelly Kearney
%
% This repository includes the code for the |boundedline.m| Matlab function
% and the accompanying |outlinebounds.m| function, along with all dependent
% functions required to run them.
%
% The |boundedline| function allows a user to easily plot and line with a
% shaded patch around it. Ths sort of plot is often used to indicate
% uncertainty intervals or error bounds around a line.
%
%% Getting started
%
% *Prerequisites*
%
% This function requires Matlab R14 or later.
%
% *Downloading and installation*
%
% This code can be downloaded from <https://github.com/kakearney/boundedline-pkg/ Github>
% or the
% <http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/27485-boundedline-m
% MatlabCentral File Exchange>. The File Exchange entry is updated daily
% from the GitHub repository.
%
% *Matlab Search Path*
%
% The following folders need to be added to your Matlab Search path (via
% |addpath|, |pathtool|, etc.):
%
% boundedline-pkg/Inpaint_nans
% boundedline-pkg/boundedline
% boundedline-pkg/catuneven
% boundedline-pkg/singlepatch
%% Syntax
%
% |boundedline(x, y, b)| plots a line with coordinates given by
% |x| and |y|, surrounded by a patch extending a certain distance |b|
% above/below that line. The dimensions of the |x|, |y|, and |b| arrays
% can vary to allow for multiple lines to be plotted at once, and for
% patch bounds to be either constant or varying along the length of the
% line. See function header help for full details of these variations.
%
% |boundedline(..., 'alpha')| renders the bounded area patch using a
% partially-transparent patch the same color as the corresponding line(s).
% If not included, the bounded area will use a fully-opaque patch in a
% lighter shade of the corresponding line color.
%
% |boundedline(..., 'transparency', transp)| indicates the
% tranparency or intensity of the bounds patch, using a scalar between 0
% and 1. Default is 0.2.
%
% |boundedline(..., 'orientation', orient)| indicates the orientation of
% the bounds. Orientation can be either |'vert'| for vertical (y-direction)
% bounds, or |'horiz'| for horizontal (x-direction) bounds. Default is
% |'vert'|.
%
% |boundedline(..., 'nan', nanflag)| indicates how the bounds patch should
% handle NaNs in the line coordinates or bounds values. Options are
% |'fill'|, to smooth over the gap using neighboring values, |'gap'| to
% leave a blank space in the patch at those points, or |'remove'| to drop
% the NaN-points entirely, leading to linear interpolation of the gap in
% the patch. See examples below for more details on these options.
%
% |boundedline(..., 'cmap', cmap)| colors the lines (in order of plotting)
% acording to the colors in this n x 3 colormap array, overriding any
% linespec or default colors.
%
% |boundedline(..., ax)| plots the bounded line to the axis indicated by
% handle |ax|. If not included, the current axis is used.
%
% |[hl, hp] = boundedline(...)| returns the handles the resulting line
% and patch object(s).
%
% |hout = outlinebounds(hl, hp)| adds an outline to the bounds patch
% generated by |boundedline|, returning the handle of the resulting line
% object in |hout|.
%
% Full details of all input and output variables for both functions can be
% accessed via the |help| function.
%% Example 1: Plotting lines using various syntax options
%
% This example builds the 4-panel example image used on the MatlabCentral
% File Exchange, which shows several different methods for supplying line
% coordinates, bounds coordinates, and shading options.
%
% The first axis plots two lines using the LineSpec option for input, which
% allows yoy to set line color, line color, and marker type for each line.
% The bounds on the first line vary over x, while the bounds on the second
% line are constant for all x. An outline is added to the bounds so the
% overlapping region can be seen more clearly.
x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50);
y1 = sin(x);
y2 = cos(x);
e1 = rand(size(y1))*.5+.5;
e2 = [.25 .5];
ax(1) = subplot(2,2,1);
[l,p] = boundedline(x, y1, e1, '-b*', x, y2, e2, '--ro');
outlinebounds(l,p);
title('Opaque bounds, with outline');
axis tight;
%%
% For our second axis, we use the same 2 lines, and this time assign
% x-varying bounds to both lines. Rather than using the LineSpec syntax,
% this example uses the default color order to assign the colors of the
% lines and patches. I also turn on the |'alpha'| option, which renders
% the patch with partial transparency.
ax(2) = subplot(2,2,2);
boundedline(x, [y1;y2], rand(length(y1),2,2)*.5+.5, 'alpha');
title('Transparent bounds');
axis tight;
%%
% The bounds can also be assigned to a horizontal orientation, for a case
% where the x-axis represents the dependent variable. In this case, the
% scalar error bound value applies to both lines and both sides of the
% lines.
ax(3) = subplot(2,2,3);
boundedline([y1;y2], x, e1(1), 'orientation', 'horiz')
title('Horizontal bounds');
axis tight;
%%
% Rather than use a LineSpec or the default color order, a colormap array
% can be used to assign colors. In this case, increasingly-narrower bounds
% are added on top of the same line.
ax(4) = subplot(2,2,4);
boundedline(x, repmat(y1, 4,1), permute(0.5:-0.1:0.2, [3 1 2]), ...
'cmap', cool(4), ...
'transparency', 0.5);
title('Multiple bounds using colormap');
set(ax([1 2 4]), 'xlim', [0 2*pi]);
set(ax(3), 'ylim', [0 2*pi]);
axis tight;
%% Example 2: Filling gaps
%
% If you plot a line with one or more NaNs in either the |x| or |y| vector,
% the NaN location is rendered as a missing marker with a gap in the line.
% However, the |patch| command does not handle NaNs gracefully; it simply
% fails to show the patch at all if any of the coordinates include NaNs.
%
% Because of this, the expected behavior of the patch part of boundedline
% when confronted with a NaN in either the bounds array (|b|) or the
% x/y-coordinates of the line (which are used to calculate the patch
% coordinates) is ambiguous. I offer a few options.
%
% Before I demonstrate the options, I'll create a dataset that has a few
% different types of gaps:
x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50);
y = sin(x);
b = [ones(size(y))*0.2; rand(size(y))*.5+.5]';
y(10) = NaN; % NaN in the line but not bounds
b(20,1) = NaN; % NaN in lower bound but not line
b(30,2) = NaN; % NaN in upper bound but not line
b(40,:) = NaN; % NaN in both sides of bound but not line
%%
% Here's what that looks like in an errorbar plot.
figure;
he = errorbar(x,y,b(:,1), b(:,2), '-bo');
line([x([10 20 30 40]); x([10 20 30 40])], [ones(1,4)*-2;ones(1,4)*2], ...
'color', ones(1,3)*0.5, 'linestyle', ':');
text(x(10), sin(x(10))-0.2, {'\uparrow','Line','gap'}, 'vert', 'top', 'horiz', 'center');
text(x(20), sin(x(20))-0.2, {'\uparrow','Lower','bound','gap'}, 'vert', 'top', 'horiz', 'center');
text(x(30), sin(x(30))-0.2, {'\uparrow','Upper','bound','gap'}, 'vert', 'top', 'horiz', 'center');
text(x(40), sin(x(40))-0.2, {'\uparrow','Two-sided','bound','gap'}, 'vert', 'top', 'horiz', 'center');
axis tight equal;
%%
% The default method for dealing with NaNs in boundedline is to leave the
% gap in the line, but smooth over the gap in the bounds based on the
% neighboring points. This option can be nice if you only have one or two
% missing points, and you're not interested in emphasizing those gaps in
% your plot:
delete(he);
[hl,hp] = boundedline(x,y,b,'-bo', 'nan', 'fill');
ho = outlinebounds(hl,hp);
set(ho, 'linestyle', ':', 'color', 'r', 'marker', '.');
%%
% I've added bounds outlines in a contrasting color so you can see how I'm
% handling individual points.
%
% The second option leaves a full gap in the patch for any NaN. I
% considered allowing one-sided gaps, but couldn't think of a good way to
% distinguish a gap from a zero-valued bound. I'm open to suggestions if
% you have any (email me).
delete([hl hp ho]);
[hl,hp] = boundedline(x,y,b,'-bo', 'nan', 'gap');
ho = outlinebounds(hl,hp);
set(ho, 'linestyle', ':', 'color', 'r', 'marker', '.');
%%
% The final option removes points from the patch that are NaNs. The visual
% result is very similar to the fill option, but the missing points are
% apparent if you plot the bounds outlines.
delete([hl hp ho]);
[hl,hp] = boundedline(x,y,b,'-bo', 'nan', 'remove');
ho = outlinebounds(hl,hp);
set(ho, 'linestyle', ':', 'color', 'r', 'marker', '.');
%% Contributions
%
% Community contributions to this package are welcome!
%
% To report bugs, please submit
% <https://github.com/kakearney/boundedline-pkg/issues an issue> on GitHub and
% include:
%
% * your operating system
% * your version of Matlab and all relevant toolboxes (type |ver| at the Matlab command line to get this info)
% * code/data to reproduce the error or buggy behavior, and the full text of any error messages received
%
% Please also feel free to submit enhancement requests, or to send pull
% requests (via GitHub) for bug fixes or new features.
%
% I do monitor the MatlabCentral FileExchange entry for any issues raised
% in the comments, but would prefer to track issues on GitHub.
%