function exportLevelScatterTikz(sourceAx, pngFile, tikzFile, pngTikzPath, options)
%EXPORTLEVELSCATTERTIKZ Export showLevelScatter axes as PNG-backed TikZ.
%   Rasterizes scatter objects into a PNG layer and writes average lines plus
%   text annotations as PGFPlots objects.

arguments
    sourceAx
    pngFile (1,1) string
    tikzFile (1,1) string
    pngTikzPath (1,1) string
    options.resolutionDpi (1,1) double {mustBePositive, mustBeInteger} = 150
    options.xLabel (1,1) string = "Time in $\mu$s"
    options.yLabel (1,1) string = "Normalized Amplitude"
    options.generatedBy (1,1) string = "exportLevelScatterTikz.m"
end

outputDir = fileparts(pngFile);
if ~exist(outputDir, "dir")
    mkdir(outputDir);
end

exportScatterLayerPng(sourceAx, pngFile, options.resolutionDpi);

linePlots = collectTikzLinePlots(sourceAx);
textAnnotations = collectTikzTextAnnotations(sourceAx);
writeTikzPngAxis(tikzFile, pngTikzPath, sourceAx, linePlots, textAnnotations, options);
end

function exportScatterLayerPng(sourceAx, pngFile, resolutionDpi)
sourceFig = ancestor(sourceAx, "figure");
xLimits = sourceAx.XLim;
yLimits = sourceAx.YLim;
scatterHandles = findGraphicsObjectsByType(sourceAx, "scatter");

exportFig = figure( ...
    "Visible", "off", ...
    "Color", "white", ...
    "Units", sourceFig.Units, ...
    "Position", sourceFig.Position);
cleanupFigure = onCleanup(@() close(exportFig));

exportAx = copyobj(sourceAx, exportFig);
exportAx.Units = "normalized";
exportAx.Position = [0 0 1 1];
exportAx.XLim = xLimits;
exportAx.YLim = yLimits;
exportAx.XLimMode = "manual";
exportAx.YLimMode = "manual";
stripAxesToScatterOnly(exportAx);
hideAxesInkForRasterExport(exportAx);

fprintf("Exporting scatter PNG with XLim=[%g %g], YLim=[%g %g], scatter objects=%d: %s\n", ...
    xLimits(1), xLimits(2), yLimits(1), yLimits(2), numel(scatterHandles), pngFile);
drawnow;
exportFig.PaperPositionMode = "auto";
print(exportFig, char(pngFile), "-dpng", sprintf("-r%d", resolutionDpi));
end

function stripAxesToScatterOnly(ax)
plotObjects = findall(ax);
for objIdx = 1:numel(plotObjects)
    obj = plotObjects(objIdx);
    if obj == ax || ~isvalid(obj)
        continue
    end

    objType = string(get(obj, "Type"));
    if lower(objType) ~= "scatter"
        delete(obj);
    end
end
end

function hideAxesInkForRasterExport(ax)
ax.Visible = "on";
ax.Color = "white";
ax.Box = "off";
ax.XGrid = "off";
ax.YGrid = "off";
ax.XMinorGrid = "off";
ax.YMinorGrid = "off";
ax.XTick = [];
ax.YTick = [];
ax.XColor = "white";
ax.YColor = "white";
ax.Title.String = "";
ax.XLabel.String = "";
ax.YLabel.String = "";
end

function handles = findGraphicsObjectsByType(parentHandle, objectType)
allHandles = findall(parentHandle);
matches = false(size(allHandles));
for handleIdx = 1:numel(allHandles)
    currentHandle = allHandles(handleIdx);
    if ~isvalid(currentHandle)
        continue
    end

    matches(handleIdx) = lower(string(get(currentHandle, "Type"))) == lower(string(objectType));
end

handles = allHandles(matches);
end

function linePlots = collectTikzLinePlots(sourceAx)
lineHandles = findGraphicsObjectsByType(sourceAx, "line");
lineHandles = flipud(lineHandles(:));

linePlots = repmat(struct( ...
    "xData", [], ...
    "yData", [], ...
    "color", [], ...
    "lineWidth", []), numel(lineHandles), 1);
validLineCount = 0;

for lineIdx = 1:numel(lineHandles)
    lineHandle = lineHandles(lineIdx);
    xData = lineHandle.XData(:);
    yData = lineHandle.YData(:);
    validSamples = isfinite(xData) & isfinite(yData);

    if ~any(validSamples)
        continue
    end

    validLineCount = validLineCount + 1;
    linePlots(validLineCount).xData = xData(validSamples);
    linePlots(validLineCount).yData = yData(validSamples);
    linePlots(validLineCount).color = lineHandle.Color;
    linePlots(validLineCount).lineWidth = lineHandle.LineWidth;
end

linePlots = linePlots(1:validLineCount);
end

function textAnnotations = collectTikzTextAnnotations(sourceAx)
textHandles = findGraphicsObjectsByType(sourceAx, "text");
textHandles = flipud(textHandles(:));
xLimits = sourceAx.XLim;
yLimits = sourceAx.YLim;

textAnnotations = repmat(struct( ...
    "x", [], ...
    "y", [], ...
    "text", "", ...
    "anchor", "center"), numel(textHandles), 1);
validTextCount = 0;

for textIdx = 1:numel(textHandles)
    textHandle = textHandles(textIdx);
    labelText = string(textHandle.String);
    if strlength(strtrim(labelText)) == 0
        continue
    end

    textPosition = textHandle.Position;
    if textPosition(1) < xLimits(1) || textPosition(1) > xLimits(2) || ...
            textPosition(2) < yLimits(1) || textPosition(2) > yLimits(2)
        continue
    end

    validTextCount = validTextCount + 1;
    textAnnotations(validTextCount).x = textPosition(1);
    textAnnotations(validTextCount).y = textPosition(2);
    textAnnotations(validTextCount).text = labelText;
    textAnnotations(validTextCount).anchor = matlabTextAlignmentToTikzAnchor( ...
        textHandle.HorizontalAlignment, textHandle.VerticalAlignment);
end

textAnnotations = textAnnotations(1:validTextCount);
end

function writeTikzPngAxis(tikzFile, pngTikzPath, sourceAx, linePlots, textAnnotations, options)
outputDir = fileparts(tikzFile);
if ~exist(outputDir, "dir")
    mkdir(outputDir);
end

xLimits = sourceAx.XLim;
yLimits = sourceAx.YLim;
fid = fopen(tikzFile, "w");
if fid < 0
    error("exportLevelScatterTikz:TikzOpenFailed", ...
        "Could not open TikZ export file: %s", tikzFile);
end
cleanupFile = onCleanup(@() fclose(fid));

axisOptions = {
    "              every axis/.append style={font=\scriptsize},"
    "width=\fwidth,"
    "height=\fheight,"
    "at={(0\fwidth,0\fheight)},"
    "scale only axis,"
    "axis on top,"
    "xmin=" + formatPgfNumber(xLimits(1)) + ","
    "xmax=" + formatPgfNumber(xLimits(2)) + ","
    "xlabel style={font=\color{white!15!black}\small},"
    "xlabel={" + options.xLabel + "},"
    "ymin=" + formatPgfNumber(yLimits(1)) + ","
    "ymax=" + formatPgfNumber(yLimits(2)) + ","
    "ylabel style={font=\color{white!15!black}\small},"
    "ylabel={" + options.yLabel + "},"
    "axis background/.style={fill=white},"
    "xmajorgrids,"
    "ymajorgrids,"
    "grid style={line width=0.4pt, dotted, color=black!20},"
    "scaled ticks=false,"
    "tick label style={/pgf/number format/fixed, /pgf/number format/1000 sep={}},"
    "legend columns=1"
    };

fprintf(fid, "%% This file was generated by %s.\n", options.generatedBy);
fprintf(fid, "%%\n");
for lineIdx = 1:numel(linePlots)
    fprintf(fid, "%s\n", formatTikzColorDefinition(lineIdx, linePlots(lineIdx).color));
end
if ~isempty(linePlots)
    fprintf(fid, "%%\n");
end
fprintf(fid, "%s\n\n", "\begin{tikzpicture}");
fprintf(fid, "%s\n", "\begin{axis}[%");
for optionIdx = 1:numel(axisOptions)
    fprintf(fid, "%s\n", axisOptions{optionIdx});
end
fprintf(fid, "%s\n", "]");

graphicsLine = sprintf( ...
    "\\addplot [forget plot] graphics [xmin=%s, xmax=%s, ymin=%s, ymax=%s] {%s};", ...
    formatPgfNumber(xLimits(1)), ...
    formatPgfNumber(xLimits(2)), ...
    formatPgfNumber(yLimits(1)), ...
    formatPgfNumber(yLimits(2)), ...
    char(strrep(pngTikzPath, "\", "/")));
fprintf(fid, "%s\n\n", graphicsLine);
writeTikzLinePlots(fid, linePlots);
writeTikzTextAnnotations(fid, textAnnotations);
fprintf(fid, "%s\n\n", "\end{axis}");
fprintf(fid, "%s", "\end{tikzpicture}%");
end

function valueText = formatPgfNumber(value)
valueText = string(sprintf("%.15g", value));
end

function colorDefinition = formatTikzColorDefinition(colorIdx, rgbColor)
colorDefinition = sprintf( ...
    "\\definecolor{mycolor%d}{rgb}{%.5f,%.5f,%.5f}%%", ...
    colorIdx, rgbColor(1), rgbColor(2), rgbColor(3));
end

function writeTikzLinePlots(fid, linePlots)
for lineIdx = 1:numel(linePlots)
    fprintf(fid, "\\addplot [color=mycolor%d, line width=%.1fpt, forget plot]\n", ...
        lineIdx, linePlots(lineIdx).lineWidth);
    fprintf(fid, "  table[row sep=crcr]{%%\n");

    for sampleIdx = 1:numel(linePlots(lineIdx).xData)
        fprintf(fid, "%s\t%s\\\\\n", ...
            formatPgfNumber(linePlots(lineIdx).xData(sampleIdx)), ...
            formatPgfNumber(linePlots(lineIdx).yData(sampleIdx)));
    end

    fprintf(fid, "};\n\n");
end
end

function writeTikzTextAnnotations(fid, textAnnotations)
for textIdx = 1:numel(textAnnotations)
    fprintf(fid, "\\node[font=\\scriptsize, anchor=%s, fill=white, draw=black!40, rounded corners=2pt, inner sep=2pt]\n", ...
        textAnnotations(textIdx).anchor);
    fprintf(fid, "  at (axis cs:%s,%s) {%s};\n\n", ...
        formatPgfNumber(textAnnotations(textIdx).x), ...
        formatPgfNumber(textAnnotations(textIdx).y), ...
        escapeTikzText(textAnnotations(textIdx).text));
end
end

function anchor = matlabTextAlignmentToTikzAnchor(horizontalAlignment, verticalAlignment)
horizontalAlignment = string(horizontalAlignment);
verticalAlignment = string(verticalAlignment);

if horizontalAlignment == "left"
    horizontalAnchor = "west";
elseif horizontalAlignment == "right"
    horizontalAnchor = "east";
else
    horizontalAnchor = "";
end

if verticalAlignment == "top"
    verticalAnchor = "north";
elseif verticalAlignment == "bottom"
    verticalAnchor = "south";
else
    verticalAnchor = "";
end

if strlength(horizontalAnchor) > 0 && strlength(verticalAnchor) > 0
    anchor = verticalAnchor + " " + horizontalAnchor;
elseif strlength(horizontalAnchor) > 0
    anchor = horizontalAnchor;
elseif strlength(verticalAnchor) > 0
    anchor = verticalAnchor;
else
    anchor = "center";
end
end

function textOut = escapeTikzText(textIn)
textOut = char(textIn);
% textOut = strrep(textOut, "\", "\textbackslash{}");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "{", "\{");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "}", "\}");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "%", "\%");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "&", "\&");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "#", "\#");
textOut = strrep(textOut, "_", "\_");
% textOut = strrep(textOut, "$", "\$");
end